Cymbidium spp. is the orchid of great horticultural value is widely cultivated in the Eastern Himalayas, India. Since 1995, farmers have experienced major crop losses in every rainy season months because pseudobulb rot. Pseudobulbs initially turned soft and mushy followed by a flow of dark brown liquid with a foul odor (initial phase). With increasing severity, bulbs and roots lose weight as an internal network that is gradually ruined (middle phase). Finally, the bulb becomes hollow, fibrous, and dry causing plant death (later phase). Survey 2002-2005 showed that the prevalence ranges from 60-100%. decaying tissue plated on nutrient agar and potato dextrose agar medium. Three consistently organisms isolated from 50 samples collected from 30 different locations.
They were identified as Erwinia carotovora (2), Fusarium oxysporum (3), and Mucor hiemalis f. sp. hiemalis (1), and dominant in the beginning, middle and end of the disease, respectively. Identification of the more confirmed by the Agricultural Research Institute (ARI), Pune, India. Pseudobulbs were surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite for 1 minute, washed with sterile distilled water, and immersed separately into three spore suspension / different cells (105 CFU / ml) for 1 minute. set of lights sterilized first dipped into E. carotovora, and then to F. oxysporum 12 days later, and then to M. hiemalis f. sp. hiemalis 15 days after the second dip. To set the controls, lights dipped in sterile distilled water.
Aseptically samples were incubated at 20 ° C with a relative humidity of 80%, and all the lights were inoculated evaluated for the disease 47 days after the first inoculation. When the samples were inoculated separately, E. carotovora maximum exhibited disintegration (70%) followed by F. oxysporum network (30%) and M. hiemalis f. sp. hiemalis (10%), but no individual pathogen caused a 100% tissue disintegration. total destruction was observed after the first inoculation 47 days when the three pathogens were inoculated sequence according to their serial occurrence.
This is an interesting report on host-pathogen combination of the three pathogens acting in sequence to the final dismantling of the host. We reported this rotten as synergistic activity of three pathogens cause epidemic disease of uncontrolled Cymbidium spp. References: (1) J. C. Gilman. Page 37 in: Manual of Soil Fungi. Iowa State College Press. Ames, IA, 1945. (2) J. G. Holt. 469 pages at: Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology.
A New Report of Cymbidium spp. Pseudobulb Rot Orchestrated by Erwinia carotovora, Fusarium oxysporum, and Mucor hiemalis f. sp. hiemalis.
Total Synthesis Utilizing strategic Sekothrixide Regioselective Coupling of TMS-Protected Epoxy sec-Alcohol with Gilman reagents.
Macroconidia directly to the slightly curved, 4-8 septate and 30 to 35 × 3.5 to 5.7 um. This is consistent with the characteristics of Fusarium incarnatum (3). Pathogenicity was confirmed by spraying a conidial suspension (1 × 106 conidia / ml) to a branch of walnut crop bruising 1 year (cv. Opex Dachaubaria) while sterile distilled water sprays used to control. inoculated plants were incubated at 20 ± 2 ° C and 85% relative humidity for 48 hours.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A sandwich ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Cyclophilin B in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Fifty days after the inoculation, branch dieback followed by cancer symptoms developed on inoculated plants. control plants remained healthy with no signs of cancer. F. incarnatum (Roberge) Sacc. repeatedly isolated from plants inoculated walnuts, thus satisfying the Koch’s postulates. infected plant material has been deposited in the Herbarium Crytogamae Indiae Orientalist (ITCC-6874-07), New Delhi. To our knowledge, this is the first report of walnuts cancer caused by F. incarnatum (Roberge) Sacc. Of india.
