Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a native of Iowa prairie grass, cultivated for forage and biomass production. During the 1990s, biomass and seeds result from switchgrass grown in southern Iowa began to decline, and the reduction has been associated with an unidentified illness. In 1999, many of the plants in the fields previously-inferior results were stunted and bloom prematurely.
Glumes have purple pigmentation as usual, and grains have been replaced by fungal spores. A smut fungus identified as Tilletia maclaganii (Berk.) G.P. Clinton (1) was associated consistently with a field that produces bad. Teliospores red-orange when immature and turn brown as they mature. Teliospores round to slightly irregular, ≈18 to 25 pM diameter, finely verrucose, with thick exospore. Completely sterile cells are also present. T. maclaganii infect switchgrass and has been previously reported in Iowa (2), although only occasionally in the country’s native switchgrass.
The prevalence and incidence of disease were surveyed at the end of August 1999. A weighted random sampling procedure used to select the field of switchgrass production from 60 fields involved in the Chariton Valley Biomass Project. Fields are located in Appanoose, Lucas, Monroe and Wayne counties in southern Iowa. The sampling procedure was designed so that the probability of each of the selected field is proportional to its area. This resulted in samples taken from 17 fields representing ≈50% of the total of 60 fields.
All field samples are planted with dominant cultivars, Cave-in-Rock. In every field, five samples of 1-m2 (≈60 250 seedlings) were taken from arbitrary points. Nasty incident (the percentage of seedlings with smut) was calculated for each sample. Smut was found in 15 of 17 areas. We estimate that 50-82% of switchgrass production area in the district filled with T. maclaganii. The mean incidence of nasty estimated 10.1% of all the chicks in the area. Incidents in the respective field ranged from 0 to 70%. The fields with incidence> 50% produce less than half of the expected biomass. Some seed-production fields infested with a total loss in 1999. This disease presents a serious threat to the cultivation of switchgrass for biomass production in southern Iowa.
The disease cycle for T. maclaganii is poorly documented, but because switchgrass is a perennial species, there is a possibility that the affected areas will have a recurring epidemic. Other cultivar susceptibility is unknown but needs to be investigated. References: (1) G. W. Fischer. 1953. Manual North America Smut Fungi. Ronald Press, NY. (2) J. C. Gilman and W. A. Archer. Mushrooms of Iowa parasites on plants
Outbreak of Smut Caused by Tilletia maclaganii on Cultivated Switchgrass in Iowa.
The first report Walnut Canker Caused by Fusarium incarnatum of India.
While screening newly introduced cultivars of walnut (Juglans regia) in Bhaderwah (Mini Kashmir), Jammu and Kashmir, India in September 2008, 60% of grafted plants was found dying of malefic growth observed in seedling stems.
Then, this phenomenon extended to the lateral branches. In the nurseries surveyed, cvs. SKU 0002 and Opex Dachaubaria that are affected by this disease. Cancer is also observed across all walnut nursery in an area with some wild seedlings are also being observed will exhibit symptoms similar malefic on the trunk and branches.
Description: A polyclonal antibody raised in Rabbit that recognizes and binds to Human Clusterin . This antibody is tested and proven to work in the following applications:
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Clusterin at AA range: 370-450
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Clusterin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Clusterin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Clusterin at AA range: 370-450
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Clusterin at AA range: 370-450
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Clusterin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Clusterin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Clusterin at AA range: 370-450
Immunogen information: Synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Clusterin at AA range: 370-450
Applications tips:
Description: A polyclonal antibody for detection of Clusterin from Human, Mouse, Rat. This Clusterin antibody is for WB, IHC-P, IF, ELISA. It is affinity-purified from rabbit antiserum by affinity-chromatography using epitope-specific immunogenand is unconjugated. The antibody is produced in rabbit by using as an immunogen synthesized peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human Clusterin at AA range: 370-450
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Clusterin from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA
Description: A Rabbit Polyclonal antibody against Clusterin from Human/Mouse/Rat. This antibody is tested and validated for WB, ELISA, IHC, IF, WB, ELISA
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Monkey Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Human Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Porcine Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Goat Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rabbit Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Rat Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Canine Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: A competitive ELISA for quantitative measurement of Mouse Clusterin in samples from blood, plasma, serum, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids. This is a high quality ELISA kit developped for optimal performance with samples from the particular species.
Description: Clusterin Human Recombinant produced in HEK is a glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 438 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 51.27 kDa. ;Clusterin (1-427 a.a.) is fused to 11 a.a. flag tag at c-terminal and purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Dog clusterin, CLU in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Dog clusterin, CLU in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Bovine Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Bovine Clusterin(CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Chicken Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Chicken Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Duck Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Duck Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Goat Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Goat Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Horse Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Horse Clusterin(CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA kit for measuring Mouse Clusterin(CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Pig Clusterin(CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Rabbit Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Rabbit Clusterin(CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Sheep Clusterin (CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitative competitive ELISA kit for measuring Sheep Clusterin(CLU) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Rat Clusterin, CLU in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativecompetitive ELISA kit for measuring Rat Clusterin, CLU in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human clusterin, CLU in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, saliva, urine. A new trial version of the kit, which allows you to test the kit in your application at a reasonable price.
Description: Quantitativesandwich ELISA kit for measuring Human clusterin, CLU in samples from serum, plasma, cell culture supernates, saliva, urine. Now available in a cost efficient pack of 5 plates of 96 wells each, conveniently packed along with the other reagents in 5 separate kits.
Necrotic lesions of malefic tissue on the surface disinfested seedlings with 0.4% NaOCl for 1 minute and malefic disinfected tissue is grown on potato dextrose agar (250 g potato, dextrose 15 g, agar 15 g, distilled water -1 liter). A Fusarium sp. consistently isolated from tissues malefic, which is purified using a single spore culture. Carnations so that the leaves are used to further the cultural identification
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